Rebecca+Landmark+Research


 * Website Source # || URL || Works Cited Entry

Get from [] username: rachel.retzler@yisseoul.org password: 21birds || In-Text Citation ||
 * 1. || [] || // The Mariana Trench // . Web. 14 Feb. 2011. . || (// Mariana Trench //) ||
 * 2. || [] || "Mariana Trench." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. . || (// Wikipedia //) ||
 * 3. || [] || Whitehouse, Dr David. "BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Sea Floor Survey Reveals Deep Hole." //BBC News - Home//. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. . || ( Whitehouse ) ||
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Location of the Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench is the [|deepest] part of the world's [|oceans], and the lowest elevation of the Earth. || 1,2 || (This is only for man made landmarks) || This s a natural landmark. ||  || (only if man made) || This s a natural landmark. ||  || The Mariana Trench is 11,033 meters (36,201 feet) deep. || ||
 * Essay Paragraph || Questions || ** Answer **
 * (Cut and paste) ** || Website # ||
 * Paragraph 1 || 1. What country is your landmark in? || The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans and the lowest elevation of the surface of the earth's crust. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, just east of the 14 Mariana Islands (11"21' North latitude and 142" 12' East longitude ) near Japan.
 * Paragraph 1 || 1. What country is your landmark in? || The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans and the lowest elevation of the surface of the earth's crust. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, just east of the 14 Mariana Islands (11"21' North latitude and 142" 12' East longitude ) near Japan.
 * Paragraph 2 || 2. When was your landmark built?
 * Paragraph 2 || 3. Who built it?
 * Paragraph 2 || 4. Describe what your landmark looks like. || First off, here are the average depths of the earth's oceans; the Arctic Ocean is 1,038 meters (3,407 feet) deep, the Indian Ocean is 3,872 meters (12,740 feet) deep, the Atlantic Ocean is 3,872 meters (12,254 feet) deep and the Pacific Ocean is 4,188 meters (13,740 feet) deep.
 * Ocean Trenches ||

It is the deepest trench on Earth. The deepest part of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep, so named after the exploratory vessel HMS Challenger II; a fishing boat converted into a sea lab by Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard. The Mariana Trench is 11,033 meters (36,201 feet) deep. In order to better illustrate the actual depth of the Mariana Trench, consider the following; if Mount Everest, which is the tallest point on earth at 8,850 meters (29,035 feet), were set in the Mariana Trench, there would still be 2,183 meters (7,166 feet) of water left above it. || 1,3 || The Mariana Trench was first pinpointed and surveyed in 1951 by the British Survey ship Challenger II., which gave its name for the trench's deepest point, "The Challenger Deep". The Exploration of the Challenger Deep by Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lt. Donald Walsh set the record for deep-diving for having reached 10, 900 meters (35,810 feet). || 1,3 ||
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 * Paragraph 2 || 5. What is its size? || The Mariana Trench is 2, 542 km (1,580 miles) long and 69 km (43 miles) wide.
 * Paragraph 3 || 6. What is your landmark's history? Why was it built? || It was created by ocean-to-ocean subduction, a phenomena in which a plate topped by oceanic crust is subducted beneath another plate topped by oceanic crust.
 * Paragraph 3

|| 7. Why is it special, interesting, or famous? Are there any "juicy" details? || The deepest part of the ocean is called the abyssal zone. it is host to thousands of species of invertebrates and fish including such oddities as the Angler Fish, so called because it uses a bioluminescent (life light) protrusion to attract its prey. The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is very cold, and highly pressurized; its floor features hydrothermal (hot water ) vents formed by spreading tectonic plates which release hydrogen sulfide and other minerals which are consumed by the barophilic bacteria which are then consumed by other microorganisms, which are in turn, consumed by the fish, and so on. The temperature around the vents can reach up to 300° Celsius (572° Fahrenheit). The venting fluid is highly acidic, while the water from the deep ocean is slightly basic. Although the venting fluid is prevented from boiling due to its dissipation into the surrounding freezing water, creatures from the deep show an incredible resistance to temperature extremes by having different proteins which are adapted for life under these conditions; allowing the animals to eat, process food, and reproduce. The highest temperature bacteria can withstand is 113° Celsius (235° Fahrenheit), and the highest any animal can withstand is 50° Celsius (122° Fahrenheit). One animal which thrives near hydrothermal vents is the Bythograea thermydron, of "Vent Crab" - their numbers are so vast that scientists are using the crab clusters to locate hydrothermal vents. Crabs and Angler Fish are but few of the many species of the Mariana Trench. One mud sample taken from Challenger Deep by Oceanographers from the Kaiko yielded nearly over 200 different microorganisms. Although there seems to be an abundance of life at these depths, no human being could withstand the pressure extremes. Another interesting characteristic of these deep sea creatures is their longevity; many of these animals having a lifespan of over one hundred years, provided of course that they do not end up in fishing nets. Since these creatures seldom migrate and are slow to develop, there is growing concern over their endangerment. Most of the planet's oceans are very dark. At a depth of 150 meters (approx. 500 feet), there is little if any light left, and colors are no longer visible to the human eye. As odd as it may seem, we know more about outer space than we do about the deep oceans of our own planet. The ocean floor at such depth consists of pelagic sediment, also known as biogenous "ooze". Pelagic sediment is composed of shells, animal skeletons, decaying microorganisms and plants; it is generally yellowish and very viscous.

The few submersibles that went to the deepest spot on earth report that it is not lifeless. Lugworms, skeleton shirmps, and nearly 200 types of microbes have been detected there. || 1,3 ||
 * Paragraph 3 || Picture of Angler Fish.

Interestng Facts ||

The deep sea represents 80% of the biosphere, which makes it the largest habitat for creatures on the planet Earth.

creatures from the deep show an incredible resistance to temperature extremes by having different proteins which are adapted for life under these conditions.

At a depth of 150 meters (approx. 500 feet), there is little if any light left, and colors are no longer visible to the human eye.

The Pressure at the deepest part of the Mariana Trench is over 8 tons per square inch. || 1 || Nearly 5000 new species of sea creatures were discovered during a 4 year expedition. It has been visited by men only once, in 1960, when two scientists made a four-hour descent in the dark in a submersible, touching the bottom at 10,915 metres (35,813 feet). || 1,3 ||
 * || 8. What do people do there? || Go on expeditions to gather data for sciencetist.